The two proposals reveal that reform debates are marked by a deeper theoretical divergence over whether global legitimacy hinges on balancing power or modernising institutions.

The lesson is clear: democracy in Washington’s playbook is not a universal value but a lever, invoked when nations resist economic control, claim authority over their own resources or chart independent destinies

The rise of Chinese AI is not just a story of national success; it is a story of how China is capturing the “means of development” for the entire world. By providing efficient, permissive and highly capable tools, China has lowered the entry barrier to the AI age for everyone

Under international law, regime change, coercive economic measures and military intervention are unlawful unless authorised by the UN Security Council

Nonetheless, the US president has unashamedly admitted that this operation in Venezuela is all about oil

The South African Communist Party joined a protest march to the US embassy in Pretoria, accusing Washington of state terrorism

The two parties condemned the capture of Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro and his wife as a violation of international law

The Kenyan American political scientist argued that the Global South acquiring nuclear weapons would lead to universal nuclear disarmament

This is the first instalment in a series of articles on lessons for the left, and focuses on the case of Bolivia