It can rebuild the industrial base, create demand in the economy, diversify trade partnerships and deepen links with the continent’s regional trade networks, and, finally, dismantle apartheid spatial development patterns

There is no factual evidence that deindustrialisation, poverty, inequality and unemployment is caused by black economic empowerment, as argued by William Gumede

Research suggests the country is suffering from it, requiring better governance and institutions

The steelmaker’s privatisation was the death knell for the country’s manufacturing industry This content is restricted to registered users and subscribers. Get Your Free Account The Mail & Guardian is committed to providing all our readers with the best possible experience. Please register your free account now. Your registration is your first step to becoming an M&G community member. Register Registration enables: – M&G newsletters access – notifications – the best possible experience Already registered? Login here Want to subscribe and get even more benefits? Explore our subscription offers